Are the effects of energy security on economic growth symmetric or asymmetric in Turkey? An application of non-linear ARDL

This paper is examined whether the relationship between economic growth and energy security risk level symmetric or asymmetric in case of Turkey 1980 2018. What makes different this study from others few studies that examine effects on by considering 4A it examines impacts using NARDL method. Accordingly, results linear ARDL demonstrate there no long-term growth. On other hand, non-linear indicate an asymmetrical both long short-term. Furthermore, according to results, a 1% increase decreases approximately 0.60%, while decrease increases 1.72%. These significantly affected positive negative changes level. Therefore, reveal importance policies ensure allow for important policy implications policymakers.